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LEARNING MODULE

Electrical Engineering

Understand electricity from first principles through components, protection, AC power, and real equipment.

WHAT YOU WILL LEARN

Learn the quantities, circuits and devices engineers use to move and control electrical energy.

Read in sequence when you want a guided course, or open a published lesson directly. Titles marked “In editorial review” belong to the approved catalogue but are not presented as finished manuscripts.

MODULE LEARNING PATH

  1. 01 Voltage, Current, Power and Energy Are DifferentIn editorial review Build the vocabulary used in every electrical circuit and energy bill.
  2. 02 Resistance, Nonlinear Loads and HeatIn editorial review Understand why Ohm's law is a model and why real loads may respond differently.
  3. 03 Using a Multimeter and a Diagnostic SequenceIn editorial review See where voltage/current measurements belong and how to investigate a fault logically.
  4. 04 Series, Parallel, Open and Short CircuitsIn editorial review See how connections change current and voltage pathways.
  5. 05 Reading a Resistor's Value and ToleranceIn editorial review Understand color markings, tolerance, and temperature-related behavior.
  6. 06 Combining Resistors and Building Voltage DividersIn editorial review See equivalent resistance and why a divider changes when loaded.
  7. 07 Pull-Ups, Current Shunts and Failed ComponentsIn editorial review Understand three practical resistor jobs in digital electronics and troubleshooting.

  1. 08 Why Capacitors Charge and Discharge GraduallyIn editorial review Understand an RC time constant without memorizing a graph alone.
  2. 09 Capacitors in Series and ParallelIn editorial review Compare voltage sharing, combined capacitance and stored energy.
  3. 10 Real Capacitors and Rectifier SmoothingIn editorial review Understand how reservoir capacitors reduce ripple and why real parts have losses.
  4. 11 Inductors and Their Stored Magnetic EnergyIn editorial review See why inductor current changes at a limited rate.
  5. 12 What Happens When an Inductor Saturates?In editorial review Connect magnetic-core limits to buck-converter current ripple.
  6. 13 Diode Forward Voltage and Reverse LimitsIn editorial review Learn why diode type, forward drop and reverse rating affect circuits.
  7. 14 From AC to DC With a Diode BridgeIn editorial review Follow the two rectifier conduction states and ripple frequency.
  8. 15 Zener References and Inductive Clamp PathsIn editorial review Understand why protective current paths change transient behavior.
  9. 16 What an Optocoupler Does—and Does Not DoIn editorial review Learn input/output isolation, transfer ratio and output logic.

  1. 17 How a Semiconductor Junction WorksIn editorial review See what doping, depletion and forward bias change inside a diode.
  2. 18 BJT Transistors as Amplifiers and SwitchesIn editorial review Understand base control, operating regions and base-drive sizing.
  3. 19 How a MOSFET Gate Controls CurrentIn editorial review Learn what threshold voltage means and what it does not guarantee.
  4. 20 Why MOSFETs Heat and Switch SlowlyIn editorial review Explore conduction losses, gate charge, the Miller region and body diode.
  5. 21 High-Side, Low-Side and Relay Drive ChoicesIn editorial review Understand where a switch sits relative to the load and the drive signal.
  6. 22 Mechanical Relays and Their Electrical RatingsIn editorial review Separate coil operation from contact circuits and load categories.
  7. 23 How LEDs Make Light and Lose HeatIn editorial review Learn LED junction behavior, current requirements and thermal paths.
  8. 24 LED Resistors, Drivers and DimmersIn editorial review Understand small-indicator resistors and controlled-current lighting systems.
  9. 25 Incandescent Lamps Versus LEDsIn editorial review Compare filament inrush, semiconductor light and dimming compatibility.

  1. 26 How a Battery Cell Converts Chemical EnergyIn editorial review Understand the alkaline cell and why terminal voltage changes under load.
  2. 27 Lead-Acid Batteries, Capacity and Starting PowerIn editorial review Connect individual cells, series voltage and the meaning of capacity ratings.
  3. 28 Follow Energy Through an Electrical SystemIn editorial review Trace sources, converters, controllers and loads without confusing energy roles.
  4. 29 Why a Brushed DC Motor Starts DifferentlyIn editorial review Understand commutation, back EMF and starting current.
  5. 30 How Transformers Transfer EnergyIn editorial review Explain changing magnetic flux, turns ratio and practical losses.
  6. 31 How an Alternator Charges a BatteryIn editorial review Discover generation, rectification and field-current regulation in a charging system.
  7. 32 Real, Reactive and Apparent PowerIn editorial review Understand power factor and what local capacitors change in the supply.

  1. 33 Why Three-Phase Power Runs Motors SmoothlyIn editorial review Understand phase waveforms and phase order.
  2. 34 Line Voltage, Phase Voltage and ImbalanceIn editorial review Understand different connection voltages and what an unbalanced neutral carries.
  3. 35 How to Read a Three-Phase Motor NameplateIn editorial review Interpret ratings and winding connections before a drive is selected.
  4. 36 Inside a Variable-Frequency DriveIn editorial review Follow the rectifier, DC link and PWM inverter in one chain.
  5. 37 Frequency, Motor Speed and V/f ControlIn editorial review Connect synchronous speed, motor flux assumptions and acceleration ramps.
  6. 38 What Happens When a VFD Slows a Motor?In editorial review Understand braking energy and where to measure the drive's waveforms.
  7. 39 Star–Delta Starting Without Confusing the WiringIn editorial review Learn different winding voltages and the starting transition.
  8. 40 Timer Relays and Practical Timing DiagramsIn editorial review Compare on-delay, off-delay and timing traces.

  1. 41 Two-Way and Intermediate SwitchingIn editorial review Understand how multiple switches control one load through alternate paths.
  2. 42 How Energy Meters and Home Distribution WorkIn editorial review Connect electrical energy integration to protected home circuits.
  3. 43 What a Split-Phase Supply MeansIn editorial review Learn common center-tap voltage relationships and neutral imbalance.
  4. 44 Neutral, Earth and Electrical Fault ProtectionIn editorial review Understand the distinct roles of conductors and protective disconnection.
  5. 45 Inside a Miniature Circuit BreakerIn editorial review Learn thermal and magnetic trips and how an arc is interrupted.
  6. 46 What a Circuit Breaker Cannot ProtectIn editorial review Understand protection limits, trip curves and coordination.
  7. 47 What Happens When a Starter Motor Engages?In editorial review Understand starter solenoid actuation and the heavy-current path.
  8. 48 Why a Starter Struggles Even With a BatteryIn editorial review See connection voltage losses and the starter engagement sequence.